Operative dentistry is a dynamic discipline. Many changes in techniques, materials, and emphasis have occurred since we wrote that article.The continued development, increased use, and recognized benefit of bonding procedures are paramount and have resulted in a new emphasis on, as well as techniques for, such procedures. New information about cariology, infection control needs and procedures, diagnosis and treatment planning, and adhesive dentistry is presented in this edition, as is updated information about esthetic restorations.In the United States, dentistry originated in the seventeenth century when several “barber-dentists” were sent from England.
The practice of these early dentists consisted mainly of tooth extractions because dental caries at that time was considered a “gangrene-like” disease. Many practiced dentistry while pursuing other livelihoods, and some traveled from one area to another to provide their dental services. These early dentists learned their trade by serving apprenticeships under more experienced practitioners. Later, it became known that treatment of the defective part of a tooth (the “cavity”)
could occur by removal of the cavity and replacement of the missing tooth structure by “filling” the cavity with some type of material. Much of the knowledge and many of the techniques for the first successful tooth restorations were developed in the United States. However, much of the practice of dentistry during the founding years of this country was not based on scientific knowledge, and disputes often arose regarding treatment techniques and materials.
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